Children’s Author Declines Amazon-Backed Award

British author of children’s books, Allan Ahlberg, has declined the inaugural Booktrust Best Books Lifetime Achievement Award on a pretext that it is sponsored by Amazon. He states that his dislike of Amazon is based on ‘ethical grounds’: because of numerous reports of Amazon’s tax evasion in the UK Ahlberg says that he cannot allow himself to be associated with this company. In recent years Amazon has been subject to heavy criticism due to the fact that it uses a loophole in the UK tax legislation, paying low corporation tax instead of high sales tax and stating that it sells goods from its headquarters located in Luxembourg. Allan Ahlberg is an author of more than 140 children’s books, most of which he wrote in collaboration with his wife, Janet Ahlberg, until she died of cancer in 1994 (he wrote stories and she illustrated them). He also wrote numerous books working with other illustrators. In his letter explaining this decision Ahlberg states that ‘tax, fairly applied to us all, is a good thing’, because it pays for libraries, hospitals and suchlike. Using legal loopholes to avoid paying it is, according to him, a disgrace, and he believes that Booktrust made a mistake by associating themselves with a company like Amazon. And Ahlberg himself feels that for him to receive a â€Å"lifetime achievement† award sponsored by Amazon would have been completely unacceptable. The reward is not merely symbolical – together with it Ahlberg turned down  £5,000 prize money. Booktrust’s CEO, Viv Bird, replied that she was sorry to learn about Ahlberg’s refusal, but it is the author’s personal decision and she doesn’t want to criticize his judgement. On the subject of Amazon she can only say that their organization works with a wide range of partners, and Amazon is and will be an important sponsor for them – the help from this company allows them to promote the best children’s books, encourage children to read and, in general, celebrate good fiction and its authors. She also added that thousands of children participated in voting for their favorite books for the Best Book Awards, and this year three hundred of them took part in the event itself, getting an opportunity to meet people who created all these wondrous fictional worlds for them. It is not the first time the Booktrust prize sponsor becomes the subject of controversy. For example, in 2003 a number of authors, including Gillian Cross and Melvin Burgess, published a letter stating that they don’t want to be associated with a prize sponsored by Nestle, thus protesting against the company’s selling their infants’ formula in third world countries. Ironically, in spite of his stand against Amazon â€Å"on moral grounds† and refusing to take a prize from the company’s metaphorical hands, Allan Ahlberg doesn’t seem to mind selling his books through its online store and making use of its enormous client base. So perhaps rejecting prize money won’t be too much of a loss for him.

Factors Influencing Women s Participation - 1414 Words

Research Methodology Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that influence women’s participation in sports. The study is to enable me classify these factors into the facilitators and obstacles to women’s participation in sports. To achieve this, I participated in various sports activities which granted me the opportunity of: â€Å"learning from people† rather than â€Å"studying the people† as posited by (Spradley 1979:3). This chapter explicitly presents the specific research techniques that was used for this study. The techniques include: the study design and method, sampling, sampling units, data collection (Interview, participant observation and autoethnography), my personal experience, ethics and expectation. The study design and methods This ethnographic study involves the use of participant observation, interviews and autoethnography to document the factors influencing women’s participation in sports. This was later categorize into the facilitators and obstacles to women athletes’ participation in sports. Observations of consenting participants, occurred before, during and after games and training sessions of teams and individuals. This normally occurred between 3:00pm - 6:00 pm on match days, and 4:30 pm- 11:00 pm on training days. Interviews occurred at the convenience of the participants which occurred mostly between the hours of 11 am - 4:00 pm. Sampling Two non-probability sampling methods were used. The first method was purposiveShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing Women s Participation1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that influence women’s participation in sports. The study is to enable me classify these factors into the facilitators and obstacles to women’s participation in sports. To achieve this, I participated in various sports activities which granted me the opportunity of: â€Å"learning from people† rather than â€Å"studying the people† as posited by (Spradley 1979:3). This chapter explicitly presents the specific research techniques that was usedRead MoreFactors Influencing Women s Participation1407 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER THREE Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that influence women’s participation in sports. The study is to enable me classify these factors into the facilitators and obstacles to women’s participation in sports. To achieve this, I participated in various sports activities which granted me the opportunity of: â€Å"learning from people† rather than â€Å"studying the people† as posited by (Spradley 1979:3). This chapter explicitly presentsRead MoreEssay on Lack of Women Holding Office in Sub-Saharan African Politics1079 Words   |  5 PagesWhile women make up a majority of the population in Africa, the number of representatives of women in parliament is substantially less than men. The underrepresentation of women in politics is problematic because the empowerment of women and the development of a society relies on the success of maintaining gender equity. Though this is an international issue, I plan to focus on representation of w omen in politics in sub-Saharan Africa. I hope to explore why the percentage of women in politics isRead MoreThe Budget Is The Most Important Policy Tool Of Government1024 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment expenditures and revenue on men and women, gender responsive budgeting (GRB) has developed as a strategy to promote gender equality and create accountability for governments to uphold their national policy commitments to women. Since the mid-1980s, UN Women has worked with a few dozen countries to adopt some form of gender responsive budgeting, and with varying success of impact on gender outcomes and on resource distribution. Understanding which factors increase the likelihood that GRB willRead MoreWomen s Lack Of Women1409 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In the past decade, women seemed underrepresented in the academy – especially in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, according to Jennifer Rigby (2015). One of the significant evidences mentioned in his report is that â€Å"According to the National Household Survey (NHS), in the academy, less than 40% of women graduates aged 25-34 with a STEM degree in 2011, compared with 66% of university graduates in non-STEM programs.† Focusing on the STEM disciplines seemRead MoreThe Continuity Of Midwifery Care1490 Words   |  6 Pages perceptions of organisational structures and processes influencing their ability to provide caseload care to socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women. Midwifery, 30(10), 1096-1103 8p. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.12.015 In this article, the authors explored the continuity of midwifery care using the caseload approach that was established in Queensland. This was to address the development of care for women experiencing inequalities and to improve birth outcomes. The authorsRead MoreWomen Struggle Facing Equality : Women s Health, Economics, And Education1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn patriarchal societies, women struggle facing equality to men. The gender gap in politics is growing and effecting women’s health, economics, and education. It is ridiculous to believe in 2015 the government is still debating whether or not women should have access to birth control. Women and single mothers make up a huge percentage for low income earners. Having to go to work, and provide for their children, if either the women or children get sick, they have hardly enough money to support havingRead MoreThe Role Of Sports For Athletes And Women Athletes1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe above global pattern ha s not favored most womens’ national and local teams as most corporate entities prefer to sponsor national mens’ teams. Both the commodification and corporatization of sport reduce especially womens’ participation because for instance in some countries facilities for sports are provided because of mens’ participation. If the best male athletes leave the country, no organizations provide facilities, and without facilities women will not be able to participate. In cases whereRead MoreEthnographic Background Of Ethnography And Ethnography1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthe slums of Chicago, and track and field in the universities of China. 2.5.2 Participation Females generally are at risk of not benefiting from sports because of a lack of participation (Crouter 2011). Women are deprived because of inequitable access to sports facilities and limited opportunities to participate in sports (Bailey et al 2005). There is limited support in terms of funding and media coverage for womens’ sport (Parliamentary Committee Council of Europe, 2005). Media support for men’sRead MoreAnalysis of Relationship Between Modes of Production and Gender Inequality1320 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Relationship Between Modes of Production and Gender Inequality Amongst societies, there is a great variety of means of survival, all of which are dependent upon factors influencing the community—geographical location and structure of authority, to name a few. Such factors and the community’s ways of survival create the underlying basis of other complex issues, including the relationship between the sexes. Many anthropological papers that concentrate on the modes of production of specific

Long Run Aggregate Supply curve

Question: Discuss about the Long Run Aggregate Supply curve. Answer: Introduction The discussion will primarily focus on long term macroeconomic equilibrium since it permits economist to perceive the macro-economy upon complete adjustment of market is realized. This equilibrium will be helpful in explaining why a stable economic equilibrium needs the operation of the economy at the output level whereby the long-term aggregate supply curve, aggregate demand curve, and short-term aggregate supply curve all are intersecting. An equilibrium is stable only whenever the economy is troubled upon which it relies and subsequently resumes to the initial location that is such commotion in equilibrium becomes self-modifying for the initial equilibrium to be reinstated. As explicated above, the natural level of employment takes places at a point in which real wage adjust to make the amount of labor demanded matches that of labor supplied. Where the economy hits its full employment level, it accomplishes its possible output level. Thus, the real GDP ultimately moves to possible since wages as well as prices assume flexibilities. Long Run Aggregate Supply curve (LRASC) The LRASC associates the output level generated by firms to the level of price in the long run. As indicated in the figure 1 (b) below (natural employment and LRAS, the curve is a perpendicular line at the possible output level of the economy. A solitary wage exist whereby employment hits the full level. In figure 1 (a), solely a real wage of e produces natural employment Le. The economy might, nevertheless, accomplish such a real wage with the infinitely huge set of nominal wage as well as price-level combinations (Dietl et al., 2012). Supposing, for instance, that equilibrium real wage is 1.50, this might be achieved with a nominal wage level of 1.50 along with price level of 1. The figure below thus indicates that where the economy hits its natural employment level in panel (a) where demand intersects supply curve for labor, it accomplishes the possible output, as indicate in board (b) by the perpendicular LRASC at Yp. In the long, therefore, the natural employment level alongside potential output of the economy at any level of price. This deduction provide economists the LRASC. LRASC with a single output level remains a perpendicular line at possible level pf output, Yp. Equilibrium Levels of Output and Price in the Long Run The equilibrium price level and real GDP in long term are determined by the intersection point of the long term ADC and LRASC. Figure 2 below portrays an economy in the long-run equilibrium. The real GDP becomes $12,000.0 billion yearly whereas the level of price is 1.140 given AD1 and LRASC (Khoo et al., 2014). Where AD rises to AD2, the long term equilibrium shall reestablish at real GDP of $12,000.0 billion yearly, however, a surged level of price of 1.180 is recorded. In case AD declines to AD3, the long term equilibrium shall remain unchanged at real GDP of $12,000.0 billion per annum, however, at declined level of price of 1.1. The above figure portrays AD-AS model with the node of the long term AS curve, the long term AD curve and short-term AS curve are all intersecting to give the level of equilibrium price alongside equilibrium output level. Aggregate demand curve remains the main root of shifts in economy since it is the one affected by consumers for foreign and local, and the government spending (Krugman, 2015). Generally, any policy of expansionary nature will shift the AD curve outwards whereas any policy of contractionary magnitude will shift the AD curve inwards. In long term, because the long-run AS remains constant by the factor inputs, short-run AS will shift inwards thus solely change effect in AD is an alteration in price level as shown below. An expansionary policy can be used to explain the reason behind this intersection of long-run AS, long-run AD and short-run AS. The point at which the short-tern AS along with short-run AD meets give is a short-term equilibrium whereas where the long-term AS along with long-run AD meets describes long-term equilibrium (Solow, 2012). Hence, an analysis begins with a long-run equilibrium. Now assume we have a stable economy and that Fed follows a policy of expansionary monetary nature. In this scenario, AD arc will shift outwards to AD2 from AD1. The intersecting point of long-run AS1 and AD2 has then lifted to higher zone to point B from A. At point B, level of price as well as output have amplified hence the newfangled short-term equilibrium. However, in a stable economy operating at full potential, as one moves to long-term, the projected level of price aligns with real level of price as employees, producers as well as firms fine-tune their expectation. Whenever the above happens, the short-term AS arc will shift lengthways the AD curvature till the long-term AS curvature, short-term AS curvature and AD curvature all interconnect as pointed out by C. This is newfangled equilibrium whereby the short-run AS2 equals the long-term AS curve and AD2 (Pesaran, 2014). Therefore, expansionary policy causes the level of output along with price to rise in short-term, however, solely level of price will rise in the long run (Tobin Buiter, 2013). Therefore, at a stable economy, any disturbance is restored in the long run as shown above. References Bryant, F. B., Veroff, J. (2011). Savoring: A new model of positive experience. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Dietl, T., Ohno, H., Matsukura, F., Cibert, J., Ferrand, D. (2012). Zener model description of ferromagnetism in zinc-blende magnetic semiconductors. Science, 287(5455), 1019-1022. Khoo, M. C. K., Kronauer, R. E., Strohl, K. P., Slutsky, A. S. (2014). Factors inducing periodic breathing in humans: a general model. Journal of Applied Physiology, 53(3), 644-659. Krugman, P. (2015). Increasing returns and economic geography (No. w3275). National Bureau of Economic Research. Pesaran, M. H. (2014). The role of economic theory in modelling the long run. The Economic Journal, 107(440), 178-191. Solow, R. M. (2012). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 65-94. Tobin, J., Buiter, W. (2013). Long-run effects of fiscal and monetary policy on aggregate demand (pp. 273-309). Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University.